8 Ways to Spot the Office Liar

8 Ways to Spot the Office Liar Let’s face it: one of the most helpful aptitudes you can create in your vocation is knowing when somebody is misleading you. Being your very own polygraph may not be a hard aptitude you can list on your rã ©sumã ©, however it can assist you with exploring the occasionally shark-plagued waters of the work environment. Here are a few different ways you can advise in the event that somebody is misleading you.1. They talk too much.They overcompensate by giving an excessive number of subtleties, as they’re attempting to scoop data on information.2. There’s a long interruption before answering.â€Å"Please hold while I think of a story/clarification/diversion!†3. They conceal their mouth or eyes.The individual is actually attempting to conceal what they’re conveying, deliberately or not.4. They attempt to legitimize extending things.â€Å"What is truth, really?†5. They squirm with hair, garments, glasses-anything to move focus.6. Their breathing changes.When individuals are being deceptive, their breathing frequently gets quicker and increasingly shallow, because of stress and expanded heart rate.7. They rehash words and expressions a lot.It could be either a slowing down strategy, or an endeavor to fortify what they’re saying by penetrating it into you.8. They stand excessively still.If the individual isn’t moving calmly, a strained position could show that the individual is preparing for a confrontation.Now that you realize how to make sense of if individuals might be under genuine with you, go forward and detect the lying liars.

The Horrific Treatment of Slaves and Toni Morrisons Beloved free essay sample

Frequenting and ghosting is depicted as thoughts of the past and the future, frequenting, seeping into the present. Two focal occupants of this worldview are one, all the horrendous treatment of the slaves, being beaten, assaulted, over worked and living in inhabitable conditions among numerous other ghastly things slaves needed to persevere. Furthermore, two because of these ghastly demonstrations, the demonstrations will truly frequent them in the present and later on in any case on the off chance that they have been liberated from servitude. Despite the fact that the red men have disappeared from a considerable lot of their frequents, their phantoms are everyhere. Nothing can be progressively normal, for the Indians were the main occupants of the land for incalculable ages. The streams and the lakes were their companions, and they named them. Just a portion Of these have we supplanted, the others we have taken over with Our nation. Reference convey 1033 (ordinance, 2006) This is disclosing the frequenting done to the Saskatchewan individuals when the native people groups land was being taken and the proprietors of the land were being murdered for it. We will compose a custom article test on The Horrific Treatment of Slaves and Toni Morrisons Beloved or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Next in Sonny Williams Mac-Coy Wilson perusing she clarifies how she was enlivened to reveal what the idea of opportunity truly implied and implies for dark ladies to express how the assemblages of dark ladies to verbalize how the groups of dark ladies articulate subjugation. Reference Songs II 1 033 (Mac-Coy-Wilson, 2007) She additionally matches the hauntingly existing in Toni Morrison Beloved which centers around dark females specifically. In the book Seethe, a mother slaughters her own little girl known as Beloved, to shield her from the fear of turning into a slave.Finally in Samara Sashs article hauntingly is clarified in near manners including the house left remaining in darling, in the Middle Passage the boat has basic likeness Beloveds house. In spite of the fact that the structures arent completely even, the slave transport was claimed by the slave proprietors and the house left standing is possessed by ages of previous slaves. Wrapping the tales together, as being similarly horrendous conditions that slaves needed to endure.Whether it was through the hauntingly of being stacked on a boat treated frightfully, or living on an estate being severely beaten and treated in the most dreadful manners. Introduced in the Gong case in Specters of the Atla ntic, Gong Captain of the boat began to see that a considerable lot of the slaves he was shipping were starting to experience the ill effects of lack of healthy sustenance, stinking of ailment in view of the terrible conditions these more than 400 African slaves were totally stuffed, stacked on each other and were starting passing on forms. The Captain settled on a choice, in his brain he thought was coherent, to toss these wiped out Africans over the edge as opposed to permitting these more than 130 individuals to pass on the boat where to him they are regarded useless. Tossing them over the edge would permit the Captain and ships proprietor to gather on protection, and along these lines supplant any slaves they had lost. The case wound up in court and not for homicide! In any case, against the protected that would not pay on these claims.The entire circumstance for these African is totally treacherous from multiple points of view in principle of significant worth, trade and peculiarity, its wretched! Apparitions of the Atlantic and the recorded Margaret Garner is that in the two cases a few attributes are the slaves are property which might be sold or gone along as an acquired at the asters watchfulness, and that the state of servitude is transmitted from parent to child.Margaret Garner, when she and her family had ch osen to exploit to get away from subjugation and effectively made it to their first stop to opportunity they were trapped by their lord and Federal operators. Accumulate chose to attempt to take her childrens lives just as her own with an aftereffect of just one of the youngsters kicking the bucket, to attempt to save them from turning out to be oppressed once more. She was not from the start accused of homicide of the youngster however was more enthusiastically with attempting to escape from oppression. Earns lawyer got the courts to concur on accusing her of homicide and in the meantime she was offered to proprietors in Arkansas where Margaret couldn't be presented with a capture warrant on account of various State Laws. She never had to her subsequent preliminary and kicked the bucket just years after the fact of an illness. Morrison characterizes recall all through Beloved that depicts a memory that IS so dreadful its mental impacts to the casualty it happened to that they truly remember the situation to its total, over and over.Freeing yourself is a certain something, guaranteeing responsibility for liberated self is another. I used to think it was my recollect you know. A few things you overlook. Different things you never do. In any case, its not. Spots, places are still there. On the off chance that a house burns to the ground, its gone, however the spot image of it-stays, and in recall, yet out there on the planet. What recollect is an image gliding around outside my head. Mean, regardless of whether I dont think it, regardless of whether bite the dust the image of what I did, or knew or saw is still there. Directly in where it occurred.

Start with Why Creating a Value Proposition with the Golden Circle Model

Start with Why Creating a Value Proposition with the Golden Circle Model Today’s modern business is very dynamic with fast changes and lots of opportunities for not just companies, but also for very capable individuals who can seize those opportunities and improve their personal business and rise above their competitors.To that, every leader needs a good marketing strategy.Marketing has always been an important part of business activities, but nowadays it has become even more important due to the nature of global markets.New platforms and social media networks have also contributed to that.Social media marketing is very important these days because millions of people use social media, which has changed and fastened the way you as a firm, could get in touch with your consumers and clients.And in marketing, it is crucial to do the right things the right way at the right time. That’s why we are here today.We are going to introduce you to the Golden Circle Model, the creation of Simon Sinek, and help you get the notion of why it is important to do certain things and how to do them.WHO IS SIMON SINEK?Before we plunge into the matter at hand, let us introduce you to the creator of Golden Circle Model, present his short biography, so you would get the idea of what kind of person he is and then perhaps you could relate yourself to him and his experiences.Simon Sinek was born on 9th October 1973 in London. He is best known as an influencer who designed and popularized the Golden Circle concept.Apart from that, he wrote several books, amongst which is “Start With Why” the most known and popular.During his early life, he had lived in several countries, South Africa, United Kingdom, and Hong Kong before he settled in the USA.Simon Sinek attended City University in London, where he studied law. Apart from that, he also attended Brandeis University, where he earned his Bachelor Degree in Cultural Anthropology.He started his career by working for several advertising agencies, where he managed to learn the basics of doing business, so he la ter decided to open his own firm, called Sinek Partners, with which Simon Sinek helps people achieve the goals that would help them boost their leadership skills.That devotion and a fresh look on some business activities were appealing and have granted him great respect, which drove some very big names to invite him to their meetings and discuss possible ideas he would have for them.Some of those names are Microsoft, US Congress members, and GE Silicones, for example.Right now, Simon Sinek acts as a member of Board of Advisors in one of the most promising companies in the United States, which is „1-800-GOT-JUNK?“ and as a member of Board of Directors in New York’s „Notario Dance“.Let’s see how Simon Sinek inspire people to become great leaders, marketers and respected among the crowd itself. 10 LESS KNOWN FACTS ABOUT SIMON SINEKThere is a lot to know about Simon Sinek’s professional career, some of which is relatively easily accessible, while some of it is not so popul ar topic when you hear the name Simon Sinek.We are going to present to you some of those less known facts about Simon Sinek you might have not heard yet.1. Natural Way to Achieve Satisfaction!Simon Sinek is a well-known talker and influencer, so you will hear him talking about a lot of things, not just about marketing and the business in general.One thing he likes to mention is how people are addicted to dopamine.He claims it is an amazing natural drug when its levels are measured appropriately, but he also claims that we are trying too much to increase dopamine levels unnaturally, by using all kinds of tools and gadgets.When people do that, their sense of indulgence increases, but it is only temporary, because the result was forced and not natural.What we should do is work on ourselves and achieve that indulgence on ourselves, because only then we can really be satisfied with our achievements, knowing that we did it.2. How much is Simon Sinek’s Net Worth?Simon Sinek does a lot of things, from writing books to advising some of the most famous companies in the world, so you could have already guessed that he has a very noticeable net worth, which would be the right assumption.His estimated net worth by 2015 was over $15 million, which was the result of his work altogether, because, unlike many other TED talkers, he is the one that doesn’t seem like you are getting the usual TED-talk package.In other words, he does not tell fairytales and all that comes with them, but instead, he focuses on letting us know about the things we have really needed to hear.3. God Save the Queen!If you have ever been on one of Simon Sinek’s performance and if you heard him talking, you probably said how fine American he is. But that is where you would be wrong.Simon Sinek is born in Wimbledon in the United Kingdom, where he had spent some of his childhood and school years.But since he had traveled so much, from England to South Africa, and eventually the USA, he learned how to cover his accent and blend in.But even now, when he gets emotional during his talks, you can hear that British accent from time to time.4. Social Sciences as His MentorOne of the most important things every public speaker and influencer need to know is understanding how other people’s minds work in order to find the right approach when resolving their problems.Some people are less acceptive of certain solutions, so you would have to find the right way to convince them it is the right thing to do.Simon Sinek graduated from Brandeis University in 1995 and there he did learn a lot about people’s behavior, which later helped him become a better public speaker and problem solver.5. It’s Always Parents’ FaultWhen talking about behavior in general and how the home upbringing has a very important role in shaping people’s personalities while they are still young.The problem with modern upbringing is that children are too protected and spoiled, so some of them tend to grow up to be ‘snowflakes’, to think they are better than everyone else, while in the past it was the complete opposite when children were too neglected.6. Military ManSimon Sinek had served in the United States Air Force for a while and he did a tour in Afghanistan, where he learned a great deal about what it really means to sacrifice for something you believe in without having to think of any personal gain.He learned how to work with other people, with his brothers in arms. It’s not a myth that the time spent in the military can change how people think, and that is exactly what had happened with Simon Sinek.After the service, he himself said that he considers himself to be a new, better man after all he had experienced there.7. Relationships GuruSimon Sinek is one of those people who think that it is very important to nurture the relationship between two people if it is worth nurturing.He learned that from his parents, who, in 2011, had celebrated their 40 years anniversary. Their example showed him that even though there are difficulties because there are difficulties in all relationships and marriages,Their devotion to endure all those problems throughout the years taught him what it really means to love someone.8. Boy Becoming a ManThere came the time when Simon Sinek had to draw a line when it comes to his relationship with his parents.They had a difficult time accepting him as a person he had become, but instead, they still treated him as a child. He didn’t like that and, of course, he tried to become independent at that point.It was one of the best decisions in his life because he managed to prove that his parents were wrong and that it strengthened his relations with his parents.That’s why his advice to all the young people in a similar position is to try to become independent and release themselves of their parents’ leash, because only then, they will be truly free and happy and, at the same time, their relations with their parents would be much strong er.9. Bound by TrustSimon Sinek tells us that it is very important for everyone to find someone they can talk about anything, someone who is there for them to celebrate every victory and drink through every defeat.Someone who they would trust the most and for who they would do anything because, in their hearts, they would know that person like that is family, no matter the blood ties.Simon Sinek’s special person is and always will be his sister. They can talk to each other about anything, both business and private related, both happy and sad news.There is almost nothing they cannot share with each other.10. Don’t Be Afraid to CriticizeEven though Simon Sinek tries to inspire optimism in people, he teaches us that sometimes it is good to give your true opinion and criticize other people so they could learn from their mistakes.Without both positive and negative criticism, we could never know if we did something right, so it is very important to give and receive some kind of feedba ck, no matter if it is good or bad.THE GOLDEN CIRCLE MODELIn his book ‘Start with Why’, Simon Sinek focuses on specifics of successful leadership and how people could implement that leadership to distinguish both themselves and their products by using good marketing strategies.Some of the most important questions every marketer and businessman have to answer are what are they supposed to do, how are they supposed to do it and why are they even doing it.Every company’s leader has to answer those three questions so the company could have a clear path ahead of itself to follow and grow.Now, Simon Sinek elevates this concept to a new higher level. His theory is that leaders should first focus on the ‘Why?’ the question instead of ‘What?’.So, in theory, first, they should ask themselves Why their company even exists, what is its purpose. Then come the questions of How to achieve that purpose, or in other words, how to fulfill the company’s mission and vision. And lastly, they should ask themselves What to do.This is essentially the Golden Circle model, which has become very popular after the release of Simon Sinek’s book ‘Start with Why’.Right now, we are going to explain the model in detail and see why Simon Sinek picked this particular order of questions.After that, we will go over some criticism related to the Golden Circle model and check out if that criticism is backed up by solid facts or if it is just empty talk. 1. Why?The first question to ask according to the Golden Circle model is ‘Why?’ Let us see why is ‘Why’ so important.One of the most important activities for any leader or even marketer is to establish a strong brand that would be capable of dealing with any potential obstacles the company could encounter.For instance, let’s examine the situation of Apple. We all know that Apple is one of the best and biggest multinational companies, so you may think why the hell would we use it as an example here?Well, even the best of the best make mistakes. That is how people and companies learn, by making mistakes, so there is nothing to be ashamed of it.Now, we mention Apple because throughout the years they have released some amazing products, their iPhones are considered as some of the fastest and the most reliable mobile phones out there. But, like everyone else, Apple made some mistakes throughout that process.One of the most terrible products Apple has ever released onto the market is considered to be iPad 3, which came as a surprise, because iPad 2 was very good and reliable, and people expected that its successor will be even better.But, they were very wrong. iPad 3 was very clunky, it was getting hot too soon, and people have even claimed that if you upgrade it to the newest version, you could almost hear CPU crying for help.Even though it was a terrible product, people were still buying it for a while, because after all, it’s the product from Apple. Having a good brand like Apple means that compa nies are able to overcome certain crisis much faster.It is not that hard to right your wrongs when you have a strong brand, but the hard thing is to even get there, to establish a strong brand as Apple did.Simon Sinek claims that in order for companies and leaders to establish a strong brand, they need to start with why they even exist, what is their mission, because when they answer that question, they basically impact people’s minds on a certain level in a part of the listener’s brain called the limbic brain.That specific part of the brain is tasked with allowing us to feel trust, to feel loyalty and to be able to make better decisions.If people trust you as a company and if they are willing to put that trust even when your products are not of top-notch quality, you will be able to build a solid brand, which would be different than other brands on the market.Eventually, that is one of the goals of every company, to build a lasting and unique brand in order to fight its competi tors and seize as much of the market for itself as possible.2.  How?Now that you, as a leader, managed to answer the ‘Why’ question, the next step is to do the same with ‘How?’.This question has a task to help you find out what are your company’s strengths and weaknesses, to find the optimal way of doing things and solving problems.When you set your mission and vision, you have to find a way to fulfill them, because if you cannot do that, then what is the point of setting them in the first place.Simon Sinek thinks that it is fairly important to find the right ways to differentiate your products, because, as we have already said, it is one of the most important things in modern business, because of the characteristics of the global market, where the competition is fierce.Let’s take Apple as an example once more. Products we get from Apple are quite recognizable, both by appearance and their functionality as well.We can say that iOS is a bit more stable than Android, thoug h, in the end, it is a matter of preference.iPhones are generally much easier to use than Android phones.While they both have some very advanced options, it is fairly easy to find and apply all those options by using iPhones, because there is literally one button.That simplicity and top quality are what is iPhone known for.It’s a good example of product differentiation and it means it could affect people’s behavior and their opinion of the brand itself.3.  What?Simon Sinek claims that it is not that hard to answer this question. Ultimately, ‘What’ only relates to what the company does.What products it’s making and sell or what services it is ready to offer to its clients.He says that this question is in close connection to the neocortex, which is the part of our brain that is tasked with allowing us to think rationally.His claim says that neocortex doesn’t have too much influence on our decision-making process, compared to the limbic part of the brain.He claims that if y ou want to be a successful leader you have to think more about why you do what you do instead of just thinking what you do.THE DISADVANTAGES OF GOLDEN CIRCLE MODELA lot of people did criticize this model, saying how it is just used to instigate passion in leaders and that the long-term effects are not efficient enough for this model to be crowned as the optimal solution.Other people say that this model instigates people not to use their common sense and reason when they need to make hard decisions, which is, of course very debatable.However, the most convincing argument against this model is the simple truth that there is one more question that comes before ‘Why?’, and that question is ‘Who’.What is meant by this is that successful companies and individual leaders first have to define Who they want to serve and Who are the customers and clients that their company needs to help by giving them the opportunity to fill their needs and meet their personal preferences?There are tw o main reasons for applying this upgraded Golden Circle model.1. Don’t Just Dream â€" Make Your Dreams Happen!One of the biggest problems with new firms is that they all have a dream, something they believe in and something they want to achieve, but they are not actually doing that at all.They tend to promote and advertise what they believe in but never act on it.Sounds like politics, right?But running a business is not the same as being a politician, even though there are some similarities. Running a business means producing good products and fulfilling your customer’s needs in order to meet their preferences.People might fall for your false advertisement and empty promises for a while, but eventually, they always wake up and that’s when companies die and vanish from the market, almost never to recover, because they lost people’s trust.2. Innovation OpportunitiesIt is commonly known that innovation is a very important part of any business because, without it, companies woul d not stand a chance to compete against their competitors.Now, why we mention ‘Who’ question here?Well, it is much easier to focus on specific types of innovation if you answer this question if you know your customers, your market and their needs and preferences.That way, you could find yourself searching for those innovations that would help you increase the effectiveness of your actions that are responsible for fulfilling those needs.FINAL WORDSimon Sinek is a very good influencer and TED-talker, so you have probably learned a lot by learning a bit about him here and got an impression of what the Golden Circle model is and why it is so important in modern business.What remains now is for you to boldly go where no man has gone before and become the leader your company needs you to become.

Worst Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere

A Brief History of the Doomsday Clock

In June 1947, almost two years after the destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by atomic bombs, the first issue of the magazine Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists was printed, featuring a stylized clock on its cover. The clock displayed the time seven minutes to midnight, a symbolic representation of how close humanity was to destroying itself in a nuclear war, at least according to the judgment of the Bulletins editors. Since then, the Doomsday Clock has been an ever-present fixture on the world stage, set back when nations behave reasonably, set forward when international tensions wax, a constant reminder of how close we are to catastrophe. As you can probably infer from its title, the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists was created by, well, atomic scientists: this magazine started as a mimeographed newsletter circulated among the scientists working on the Manhattan Project, an intensive, four-year effort that culminated in the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (The Bulletin is still published today, no longer in print form, since 2009, but on the web.) In the 70 years since its appearance, the mission of the Doomsday Clock has been slightly tweaked: it no longer refers specifically to the threat of nuclear war, but now signifies the likelihood of other doomsday scenarios as well, including climate change, global epidemics, and the unforeseen dangers posed by new technologies. The Ups and Downs of the Doomsday Clock One common misapprehension about the Doomsday Clock is that its updated in real time, like a stock-market ticker. In fact, the clock is only changed after meetings of the Bulletins advisory board, which happen twice a year (and even then, the decision is often  taken to keep the time as it is). In fact, the Doomsday Clock has only been set forward or back 22 times since 1947. Here are some of the most notable occasions when this has happened: 1949: Moved up to three minutes to midnight after the Soviet Union tests its first atomic bomb. 1953: Moved up to two minutes to midnight (the closest the Doomsday Clock has ever reached this mark) after the U.S. tests its first hydrogen bomb. 1963: Moved back to 12 minutes to midnight after the U.S. and the Soviet Union sign the Partial Test Ban Treaty. (One interesting side note: the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 started, and was resolved, in between meetings of the Bulletins advisory board. One imagines that if the clock had been reset during these seven tense days, it would have displayed a time of 30 or even 15 seconds to midnight.) 1984: Moved up to three minutes to midnight  as the Soviet Union is mired in war in Afghanistan and the U.S., under Ronald Reagan, deploys nuclear-tipped Pershing II missiles in western Europe. The international social fabric is further weakened by the U.S. boycott of the 1980 Olympic Games and the Soviet boycott of the 1984 Olympic Games. 1991: Moved back to 17 minutes to midnight (the farthest away the clocks minute hand has ever been) after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. 2007: Moved up to five minutes to midnight after North Korea tests its first atomic bomb; for the first time, the Bulletin also recognizes global warming (and the lack of firm action to counter it) as an imminent threat to civilization. 2017: Moved up to two  and one-half minutes to midnight (the closest the clock has been since 1953) following Donald Trumps tweets touting the U.S. nuclear arsenal  and the prospect of decreased legislative action to slow global warming. How Useful is the Doomsday Clock? As arresting an image as it is, its unclear just how much of an effect the Doomsday Clock has had on public opinion and international policy. Clearly, the clock had more of an impact in, say, 1953, when the prospect of a Soviet Union armed with hydrogen bombs conjured up images of World War III. Over the ensuing decades, though, one can argue that the Doomsday Clock has had more of a numbing than an inspiring effect: when the world is constantly a few minutes from global catastrophe, and the apocalypse never quite happens, most people will choose to ignore current events and focus on their daily lives. In the end, your faith in the Doomsday Clock will depend on your faith in the Bulletins high-powered advisory board and its network of professional experts. If you accept the evidence in favor of global warming and are alarmed by nuclear proliferation, youre likely to take the clock more seriously than those who dismiss these as relatively minor issues. But whatever your views, the Doomsday Clock at least serves as a reminder that  these problems need to be addressed, and hopefully soon.

Hiv In Children In The Uk Effects On The Child And Family Free Essays

string(68) " to safeguard their future potential and the sustenance of society\." Introduction The overarching theme of this essay is the effect of child health on the child and family. Concepts of health and illness are explored in pursuit of ways in which children’s health can be protected and maintained on different levels. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and its consequent disease state (AIDS) have in recent decades become a notable pandemic affecting the lives and livelihoods of ever increasing numbers of patients and the affected (UNICEF, 2011). We will write a custom essay sample on Hiv In Children In The Uk: Effects On The Child And Family or any similar topic only for you Order Now HIV is a terminal (lifelong) illness. However, advances in modern medicine, the improved availability and effectiveness of drug regimens means that the disease can now be managed better, enabling enhanced and prolonged lives for the infected (UNAIDS, 2008). It is therefore imperative that knowledge of HIV is improved, as this will help develop effective strategies for the promotion of affected children’s health, particularly in their formative years. In this regard, the understanding of factors influencing the health of children enables the raising awareness of the opportunities for effective health promotion. It aslo encourages focus on the effects of illness and poor health on the children and their families (Judd, et al., 2007). The effect of HIV in children in the UK and the overall health and well-being of children living with HIV including those exposed through maternal infection; children vulnerable to the impacts of HIV and AIDS such as those who have been orphaned, those living outside parental care, or in poor families; and children who are especially vulnerable to exposure to HIV because of their circumstances, such as those injecting drugs and those who are abused or sexually exploited, is the focus of this essay. This exploration of child health is conducted with particular focus on HIV in children in the UK. The incidence, prevalence, and changing patterns of disease are discussed backed by statistical evidence which enables the contextualization of the child health issue. The impacts of child health policies and provisions on the well-being of the child and family are also explored. Trends in child health issues Often, and to most people, health is considered to be the absence of disease or ill-health. However, advances in research into health have led to the identification of several influences making it essential to enhance this limited definition to encompass these. Health derives from the interaction of complex aspects and factors in a child’s environment such as genetic endowment and behavioural responses, each constantly affecting and influencing the other (Glanz, et al., 2008). In consideration of this, WHO defines health as, â€Å"†¦ a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity† (WHO, 2005). Health can therefore be identified as a resource for daily life, a positive concept that emphasizes physical capabilities, as well as personal and social resources which infer the maintenance and optimization of function through time (Hall and Elliman, 2006). Child health, in this regard, is defined as the extent to which an individual child or groups of children are able or enabled to: develop and realize their full potential; satisfy their needs; and, develop capacity allowing their successful interaction with their physical, biological and social environment (Silberfeld, 2007; UNICEF, 2009). Comprehensive health promotion is based on the recognition that health and well-being are a result of the interaction of various multiple factors such as biological, psychological, social, cultural, and physical (Albon and Mukherji, 2008). In this regard, child health has to be looked at holistically to encompass not only the absence of illness but also other essential development aspects such as a healthy environment in which to grow and develop, play and learn. Based on this view and crucial to the assessment of child health, three domains are defined: health condition (the illnesses and disorders of body systems such as disease, injury, impairment, or signs and symptoms); functioning (the manifestations of health in daily life reflecting the direct and indirect effects of health); and, health potential (the development of health assets (capacities or reserves) that provide the capacity for response to physical, psychological, and social challenges as well as risk states which lead to vulnerability to poor health) (Green and Tones, 2010). Child health has at its core the growth and development of healthy children with capacity to reach their full potential as citizens of the world. Effects of poverty and inequality, for instance, may result in other compound factors such as poor nutrition, opportunity for educational development, and violence in the neighbourhood (physical safety), all of which lead to poor child health and/or health potential (Jones, et al., 2007; Wall, 2010). Poverty is often linked to poor health outcomes and significantly impacts children who suffer disproportionately, childhood being the most vulnerable periods in the life course (Wall, 2010). This is especially significant since a child’s quality of life is interwoven with the life and experience of the family in which they live or their carers. Without addressing problems affecting the child at home such as poverty, nutrition, housing, safety, as well as socio-cultural factors, the best quality of life for the child may not be attained (Department of Health, 2009; Shaw, et al., 2005). Such problems have been shown to have effects on health and well-being of individuals, and espec ially children in their critical and sensitive phases of development. Child health has gained significance from the realization of critical differences from adult health with consideration of broader aspects of health specific to children being elucidated (National Research Council (US)/ Institute of Medicine (US), 2004; British Medical Association, 1999). Differences with adult health include: dependence on adult carers or family for their raising, determination of diets, and access to services; different manifestations of poor health; developmental differences with more focus on children’s cognitive, emotional, social and physical growth critical in their growth and development; and their demography, with a large proportion of children in the UK living in poverty (Albon and Mukherji, 2008; UNICEF, 2009). Due to these critical issues, children’s health should be given due regard and attention to safeguard their future potential and the sustenance of society. You read "Hiv In Children In The Uk: Effects On The Child And Family" in categor y "Essay examples" Appropriate approaches should encompass comprehensive and coordinated care to address the needs of both adults and children in a family setting meeting overall health and social care needs (Adams, et al., 2002). Studies on child health in the UK conducted by the Department of Helath and private agencies have shown that practically all aspects of health fare worse among children from less affluent families and communities creating a link between poverty and poor child health (UNICEF, 2009; Hall and Elliman, 2006). Others studies conducted globally have aslo obtained similar findings, a direct relationship between illness and mortality (morbidity) with manifestations of deprivation whether social or economic such as poverty and unemployment. This shows that health differences are largely the product of the inequality in the distribution of wealth and income (). Currently, 3.5 million children live in poverty in the UK, almost a third of all the children. Close to half of this population live in conditions of severe poverty with families having as little as ?12 per day per person to cater for every need (food, toys, clothing, electricity and heating, and transport). Additionally, 18% dependent children in the UK live in households where no adults are in employment (UNICEF, 2009). This paints a grim picture for their overall health and well-being. This situation is made dire with regard to chronic illnesses such as HIV and AIDS affecting children directly or indirectly, often altering the capacity and ability of adult caregivers in their role, catering for the affected children. Often the condition also results in loss of parents or caregivers infected with the disease (Judd, et al., 2007). With poverty, the provision of good nutrition essential particularly for disease management in condition of HIV, quality housing in safe neighbourhoods and overall health promoting lifestyles is challenged. The HIV and AIDS condition is also prone to stigma and social segregation, which significantly enhances inequality over and above that due to poverty (Shaw, et al., 2005). These combined, and in addition to other environmental and social factors such as the relationships in the family and community, may profoundly impact the health of affected children. The nature and strength of such interactions may differ across an individual’s lifespan, and early influences may set in place a series of vulnerabilities and strengths that could significantly affect the fullness of life (Silberfeld, 2007). The HIV infection and its health consequences are discussed below exploring statistical evidence on incidence, prevalence and changing patterns of disease. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Like all viruses, HIV cannot grow or reproduce independently and needs to infect cells of living organisms in order to replicate (to make new copies of themselves). However, unlike other viruses which are killed and cleared by the human immune system, HIV attacks essential components of the immune system itself, the T-helper cells of the immune system. The destruction of the cells of the immune system weakens the immune system until the body is no longer able to fight off other infections that it would usually be able to prevent, a condition referred to as AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). These subsequent infections are what lead to the death of the affected individual. They include conditions such as Tuberculosis, Kaposi’s sarcoma, among many others, often referred to as opportunistic infections (UNAIDS, 2008). HIV infection in children is often a result of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) with a vast majority occurring due to maternofetal transmission of blood during birth or during postnatal breast-feeding. Other transmission routes such as through the sharing of needles in intravenous drug use or sexual activity/abuse are rare and only rise as children approach puberty (WHO, 2005). Overall, in the UK, over 2000 children aged 14 and under diagnosed with HIV as at end of June 2012 have been infected through MTCT. The population of children infected accounts for approximately 2% of overall HIV infections (Judd, et al., 2007). In 2011, there were 73,659 people in the UK diagnosed with HIV and receiving care. This number has increased every year in the previous decade, a 58% increase from 2002. 1 in every 500 men and 1 in 1000 women live with HIV and 1% of the total number of people receiving care are children under 15. Unfortunately, more people continue to be infected compounding the health problem (UNICEF, 2011). It is noteworthy that a study conducted between 2003 and 2006 did show that 64% of HIV-positive children resident in the UK had been born abroad with the unlinked anonymous surveillance program of 2006 that 1 in every 440 women giving birth in England and Scotland were HIV-positive with a 0.09% prevalence of previously undiagnosed infection. In the decade to 2006, the prevalence of HIV in women born in the UK increased by 66% (Judd et al., 2007). Children affected by HIV not only suffer from the direct effects of the disease state but also from the fact that their primary caregivers are often also affected, struggling with the effects of the disease, or have died from the disease (UNICEF, 2011). The management of the disease condition also entails long-term complex medication regimes which require readiness and motivation of affected individuals to pursue antiretroviral therapy to slow down its effects. Compliance with treatment regimens and good nutrition enables infected individuals to live long healthy lives enabling the recovery of their immune systems to robust state (Judd et al., 2007). A significant challenge to HIV’s life-long treatment regime is the problem of compliance, and with regard to children who often are difficult to administer medications to, the unavailability of paediatric formulations due to their relatively low prevalence, as well as the adverse side effects of medication present notable problems with the management of the condition (Judd et al., 2007). Children are also usually dependent on adult caregivers and with them probably also dealing with their own challenges, compliance and proper management of disease may not be achieved (Wall, 2010). It is therefore important to consider supporting the entire family rather than the individual child to achieve their overall well-being and health. This can best be achieved through effective health promotion strategies. Health promotion strategies associated with HIV in the UK Health promotion refers to the process in which people are enabled to increase control over their own health and its influences thereby achieving improvement in their health. This occurs primarily through the development of public policies of health addressing the prerequisites such as income, food security, housing, employment, and quality working conditions; as well as preventive and protective mechanisms (Department of Health, 2013). The UK’s government targets and objectives for the improvement of children’s and young people’s health nationally and locally is outlined in its overarching three year Public Service Agreements (PSA). They include the following: reduction in child poverty; improvement of the health and well-being of children and young people; improvement of child safety; enhancement of numbers of children and young people on the path to success; providing health and better care for all, including the tackling of health inequalities, as well as; enhancing participation in education and sport (Department of Health, 2009). These targets and objectives govern the development of laws, rules, and regulations developed at various levels of government (national, state or local). They determine the availability of public support services, as well as the regulation of the provision of services administered by private entities. These are integral to how communities in the entire region operate (Green and Tones, 2010). However, despite these endeavours and the Government’s statutory requirement to end child poverty by 2020 (as enshrined in the Child Poverty Act, 2010), it is predicated that by then, unfavourable policies and economic situation/constraints will push another 1 million children into poverty (Shaw, et al., 2005). Particular focus in HIV in children is the prevention especially of Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT) which is the main cause of their HIV infection. Several initiatives are undertaken, in this regard, such as the Unlinked Anonymous Surveillance program and the Voluntary confidential reporting mechanisms enhancing surveillance of this transmission route. These initiatives rely on voluntary confidential reports from paediatricians and obstetricians, as well as the use of prophylaxis (anti-retroviral therapy) to prevent transmission. These surveillance initiatives have had huge success leading to a sharp decrease of infections, with continued application of appropriate interventions having the promise of reduction of transmission rates to less than 1% (Judd et al., 2007). Children who have a confirmed HIV seroconversion should receive infectious disease management from specialist paediatricians. They should be involved in decisions about their care as much as possible, even when their capacity for independent decision is low (Judd et al., 2007). This is catered for in the long term plans of the Department of Health and the Department for Children, Schools and Families set out in the NHS Next Stage Review, The Children’s Plan and Healthy Lives, and Brighter Futures: The Strategy for Children and Young People’s Health. These reflect the Government’s ambition of enhancing child health with one of the main running themes being to refocus children’s health services as closer home as possible (Department of Health, 2009). This is achieved through managing children through ambulatory care and community based teams at home, school, and voluntary activity settings as, regarding HIV, longer term care provision continues intermittentl y throughout the lives of affected children. Health providers, agencies and voluntary teams have, as a result of changes in approach towards family and community-based care, developed working partnerships to work closely with families and children in treatment-oriented services, health promotion, and community-based care, contributing to better management, knowledge of condition and requirements, as well as strict adherence to regimen and overall well-being (Green and Tones, 2010; Adams, et al., 2002). Tactful communication of information on health to children is required as they try to find logic about illness and its causes developing from incomprehension to concrete and formal logical explanations as they mature(Wall, 2010). Health beliefs and behaviour The beliefs that people have about health problems, perception of potential benefits accrued from action, barriers to action, and individual ability and capacity can serve to explain engagement or lack in behaviour that promotes health (Glanz et al., 2008). Several perceptions, individual characteristics, and condition can serve to influence such behaviour and to drive or impede action. These include: Perceived seriousness or severity of health problem and its potential consequences (beliefs about the disease itself); Perceived susceptibility or assessment of potential risks of developing health problem (Judd et al., 2007); Perceived benefits of action or initiative; Perceived barriers such as inconvenience, expense, adverse effects of treatment, and discomfort preventing engagement; Individual characteristics including demographic (age, sex, race, ethnicity, education, etc.), psychosocial (personality, social class, and pressure from reference or peer groups, etc.), structural (previous contact with disease or knowledge about it) Triggers or cues to action which prompt engagement in health-promoting behaviour such as pain and symptoms (internal), and events or information from media, other people, health provides, or the illness of other individuals (external) – the intensity is attached to the perceived threat (Glanz et al., 2008) Self-efficacy/ability which refers to the confidence in one’s ability to alter outcomes which is often a key component in health behaviour change (Judd et al., 2007; Glanz et al., 2008). It is noteworthy that the behaviour of children with regard to health influences and is influenced by parents, peers and others (members of the community, health service providers, among others) (Glanz et al., 2008). However, the behaviour of children, just as parenting response and style may directly affect the ability to adhere to treatment regimen affecting compliance and thereby outcome of treatment. With a lack of understanding and underestimation of the threat of health problem leading to a lack of appreciation of its seriousness, their susceptibility, and the general causes and progress of disease, children affected by HIV may not be keen to adhere to their treatment regimen. This is especially so in HIV infection since, with proper management and care, symptoms exhibit intermittently. Adverse effects of medication which are common, the inconvenience of daily medication, and social issues such as segregation, therefore, act as barriers to their promotion of health-promoting behaviour (Judd et al., 2007). Family demography is also a significant influence on health behaviour with regard to its composition, financial status and parental education (British Medical Association, 1999). Low-income parents and especially those impacted by chronic illness are often considered to be at greater risk for depression and psychological distress, and consequently low self-worth and control impacting their ability to cope with adverse life experiences. They are therefore often engaged in compensatory poor health habits and detrimental behaviour such as smoking, substance abuse and violence negatively impacting health promotion for them and their dependents and worsening outcomes of illness (UNICEF, 2011). Poverty and its associated limiting factors also impacts compliance making factors such as costs of medication to be perceived as barriers with the little available resources used up on other essentials such as food and housing ignoring potential adverse consequences to health (Glanz et al., 2008). Conclusion As childhood disease burden shifts from acute infectious illnesses to chronic, long-term disease, the care of affected children becomes increasingly important. Early health particularly with regard to child health significantly influences future health and potential of not only the individual but the entire society. Greater focus need be trained on overall health and well-being of children, and particularly those infected and affected with HIV as it is often the case that their families are also adversely affected and likely unable, due to numerous challenges, to guarantee quality and comprehensive care. References Adams, L., M., Amos, and J., Munro, 2002. Promoting Health: Politics and Practice. London: Sage Albon, D., and P., Mukherji, 2008. Food and Health in Early Childhood. London: Sage Bartley, M., 2004. Health Inequalities. An Introduction to Theories, Concepts and Methods. Cambridge: Polity Press Blaxter, M., 2010. Health. 2nd Edn Cambridge: Polity Press British Medical Association, 1999. Growing up in Britain: Ensuring a Healthy Future for our Children. London: BMA Department of Health, 2013. Child Health Profiles, 2013. London: Department of Health Department of Health, 2009. Healthy Lives, Brighter Futures: The Strategy for Children and Young People’s Health. London: Department of HealthGlanz, K., K., Barbara, K., Viswanath, 2008. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice (4th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. ISBN 978-0-7879-9614-7. Graham, H., (ed.), 2009. Understanding Health Inequalities 3rd Edn. Buckingham: Open University Press Green, J., and K., Tones, 2010. Health Promotion: Planning and Strategies 2nd ed. London: Sage Hall, D. and D., Elliman, (eds.), 2006. Health for All Children. 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Jones, P., D., Moss, P., Tomlinson, and S., Welch, (eds.), 2007. Childhood: Services and provision for Children. Harlow: Pearson Judd A., K., Doerholt, P., Tookey, et al, 2007. â€Å"Morbidity, mortality, and response to treatment by children in the United Kingdom and Ireland with perinatally -acquired HIV infection during 1996-2006: Planning for teenage and adult care.† In: Clinical and Infectious Disease. 2007 Oct 1; 45 (7):918-24; and Epub. 2007 Aug 27. National Research Council (US); Institute of Medicine (US), 2004. Children’s Health, The Nation’s Wealth: Assessing and Improving Child Health. Washington (DC): National Academies Press Shaw, M., G., Davey Smith, and D., Dorling, 2005. â€Å"Health inequalities and New Labour: how the promises compare with real progress.† In: British Medical Journal, 2005; 330:1016-1021 (30 April) Silberfeld, C., 2007. â€Å"Developing as a strong and healthy child?† In: Wild, M Mitchell, H (Eds.) Early Childhood Studies: a reflective reader. Exeter: Learning Matters Peate, I Whiting, L (Eds.) (2006) Caring for Children and Families Chichester: John Wiley UNAIDS, 2008. Report on the global AIDS epidemic. UNAIDS UNICEF, 2011. Taking evidence to impact: making a difference for vulnerable children living in a world with HIV and AIDS. New York: UNICEF UNICEF, 2009. The State of the World’s Children. New York: UNICEF Wall, K., 2010. Special Needs and Early Years: A practitioner’s guide. 3rd ed. London: Paul Chapman World Health Organization, 2005. Global map of prevalence of paediatric HIV/AIDS How to cite Hiv In Children In The Uk: Effects On The Child And Family, Essay examples

Why the compromises from 1846~1861 failed to prevent the Civil War free essay sample

The compromises from 1846 to 1861 were, by their intentions, to postpone the struggle between the north and the south temporarily but not to solve it. The foundational problems, like the the slavery itself, the differences in social structure and economic system and the expansion of slavery, were left. The increasing struggle between the abolitionists and slave owners and between the newly formed Republican Party and the Democratic Party kept putting those questions in front of the US people. The compromises themselves failed to satisfy the wants of both sides, enraged the north and frightened the south, so up to the election of Lincoln, the tension built up to a climax and finally broke out to become a civil war. A major difference between the north and the south was the legality of slavery, according to compromise of 1820 the line of 3630 north divided this country into two parts, the southern parts contained with a large amount of plantations and slave owners. In the north the increasingly flourished international trades, the developing industrialization and the urbanization pushed the process to form the market economy, but in the west, because of the allowance of slaves, most economic activities were labor intensive as well as based on agriculture, which limited the development in industries and urban areas. Up to 1860 only New Orleans could be counted as a city with 168 thousands of people in the south. Although the south produced nearly 3/4 of the worlds cotton production, the industrial products were only 10% for the whole US. Slavery, as the foundation of southern economy, further influenced the opinions about race, the politics and the laws, while the north, mostly seen the south as behindhand and as a barrier of the advancement of US economy. One of the influences was about social structure, in the south the idea of patriarchy was dominant, and as the fact that the big slave owners gained social statue and political careers at the same moment, the south was like a nobility society and slavery is their footstone of the cotton kingdom. The differences, started initially with the slavery, were finally spread to all the areas that created a huge gap between the north and the south, they were very hard to understand each other because, for an example, the north saw the southern plantation owners as violators of freedom, but the south saw the northern workers as slaves of market. A compromise could never really worked when the two sides failed to understand each other. Politically, an important question was to maintain the balance in the senate, according to the Constitution, the number of senators was depended on the population of states, so the north were trying to have more free states, like the Wilmot Proviso did, but the south were dreaming to spread slavery to more states, like the decision of popular sovereignty. The south used to be dominant in USs political history but the active movements of northern parties like Free Soil, Know Nothing and the Whig, which eventually formed the Republican Party, supported the free labor which seemed had controversy with the idea of slavery. Although the Republicans could not necessarily be abolitionists, for a balance in power ( which could be seen as a kind of compromise) or for the idea of free labor, they would put effort to stop the expansion of slavery, and whatever their attitude was, the divide was existed and threatened the whole United States. The compromises could worked politically, but to control public opinion was also very important. After the Second Great Awakening the idea of Abolitionists had risen that the problem of slavery, that it must be solved or erased from the US. Theyve tried to ship some freed slaves back to Africa but later, by the efforts of black people, these movements tended to be acknowledging the citizenships of blacks and the equality within all Americans. Some secret societies had created to help the slaves escape from the south, like the Underground Railroad which help more than 6000 slaves to escape. The slave owners protected their property by the Fugitive Slave Laws, like the one in the Compromise of 1850, with the swear of any white people, a black could be counted as a fugitive slave and be sent back to the south. The books and newspapers further pushed these struggles, like the Uncle Toms Cabin. the Liberator and An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World, rises the sympathy in the north to the slaves and increasingly frightened the south. The popular sovereignty used in New Mexico territories, the compromise of 1850 and the Kansas and Nebraska Acts were Victories of the south politically, however these acts were still seemed as compromises because both the north and the south were dissatisfied with these acts, that they could only be compromises but not victories. For the south the expansion of slavery was needed because the slavery was the foundation of southern society and economy, they had enjoyed less benefits from the fast developing northern industrial economy, if, without more lands and slaves moving to the new land, the expansion of production could not be achieved while their way of living could be challenged. For the northerners the process of industrial revolution went slowly in the south and with slavery the free labor could never come true. The Bleeding Kansas, Dred Scott Affair and John Brown created a sense that the movement of northern abolitionists had come to a climax, while the south itself, during the National Convention of Democratic Party, divided into two groups that one supported Douglas and popular sovereignty and the other supported John C. Breckenridge and the slavery. The conflict was now not just between the south and the north but also in both sides themselves. While the election of Lincoln created such atmosphere in the south that in the future 4 years the power of Republican Party and as well as the influence of the north would overwhelm the south by expanding their influences in the south, that, the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions and Article of Confederation gave the south an excuse that they could leave the union without changing the southern way of living. The compromises from 1846 to 1861 failed to reduce the tension because the inner differences within the north and the south, the contradiction of expansion of slavery or market economy and the moral concerns that could not only solved by political methods, together with the division of the parties and their failed efforts towards compromises. The bloody incidents, prints and public debates heated the situation and acted like catalysts. Since the opposition was seemed impossible to solve, that both sides dissatisfaction increased over time and all the efforts towards compromises were finally given up.